Everything there is to know about Venezuela''s oil (and why US
Venezuela''s oil isn''t just abundant, it''s a different kind of crude. American crude is more like olive oil. Venezuela''s is basically molasses.
Venezuela''s oil isn''t just abundant, it''s a different kind of crude. American crude is more like olive oil. Venezuela''s is basically molasses.
These upgraders improve or upgrade heavy and extra heavy crude oil (EHCO) into a synthetic or syncrude readily digested by a number of refineries specifically placed on the
Venezuela''s second-largest oil refinery, called Cardón, stopped working on June 23, 2025, because of a power failure. This refinery can handle up to 310,000 barrels of oil each
The swaps also bring in crude oil from Iran that Venezuela can use directly in its refineries, in turn leaving Venezuela''s lighter crude oil grades available for export.
Two tankers chartered by Chevron carrying Venezuelan crude reached U.S. waters on Thursday, marking the first U.S. imports of the South American country''s oil
June 25 (UPI) -- The Cardón refinery, Venezuela''s second-largest with a capacity of 310,000 barrels per day, shut down after a power outage halted all operations. State oil company
Venezuela''s PDVSA has begun restarting units at its 310,000-bpd Cardon refinery following a recent power blackout, sources told Reuters. Two distillation units are back online,
In the complex operations of oil refineries, boilers play a critical role in providing the necessary steam and heat for various refining processes. Understanding the types of boiler
The Paraguaná Refinery Complex (es|Centro de Refinación de Paraguaná) is a crude oil refinery complex in Venezuela. It is considered the world''s second largest refinery
June 25 (UPI) -- The Cardón refinery, Venezuela''s second-largest with a capacity of 310,000 barrels per day, shut down after a power outage
The Paraguaná Refinery Complex (Spanish: Centro de Refinación de Paraguaná) is a crude oil refinery complex in Venezuela. It is considered the world''s second largest refinery complex, just after Jamnagar Refinery (India). The Paraguaná Refinery Complex was created by the fusion of Amuay Refinery, Bajo Grande Refinery and Cardón Refinery. The Paraguana Refinery Comple
A hydrodesulfurization unit was installed in the Cardon refinery for the first time in Venezuela in 1970. The current installed capacity of the Cardon refinery is 310,000bpd.
Venezuela has the world''s largest estimated oil reserves but its crude output remains at a fraction of capacity due to decades of mismanagement, lack of investment and sanctions,
Top US refining hub prefers nearby Venezuelan, Mexican heavy crude grades Trade flow shake-up may be short-lived if US allows limited operations in Venezuela
It is considered the world''s second largest refinery complex, just after Jamnagar Refinery (India). The Paraguaná Refinery Complex was created by the fusion of Amuay Refinery, Bajo Grande
Venezuela''s state-run PDVSA was on Wednesday restarting several operational units at its 310,000-bpd Cardon refinery, the country''s second largest, following a power
PDF version includes complete article with source references. Suitable for printing and offline reading.
According to IPD Latin America estimates, Venezuela's refinery throughput has been less than 300,000 b/d, or roughly one-fifth of its nameplate capacity.17 Venezuela has worked with Iran to supply fuel as well as refining materials, spare parts, and technicians to restart the refineries.
Despite the sizeable reserves, Venezuela produced 0.8% of total global crude oil in 2023. Most of Venezuela's proven oil reserves are extra-heavy crude oil from the Orinoco Belt.
Much of Venezuela's crude oil production capacity and infrastructure have suffered from a decade-long lack of capital and regular maintenance. Chevron's earlier exemption increased its production to 135,000 barrels per day (b/d) in 2023, and we expect Chevron's output in Venezuela to reach 200,000 b/d by the end of 2024.
Of Venezuela's six refineries, only five remain operational, all running at no more than 20% of total capacity. The country's aging refining system, plagued by frequent shutdowns and low output, has deteriorated after years of underinvestment, poor management and international sanctions that have limited access to spare parts.